![]() ![]() Release versions are often assembled as their own branch. ![]() This practice makes testing and merging branches back to the mainline easier, since the changes to be reviewed are limited. A standard practice, known as trunk-based development, is to keep branches short (limit the number of changes in the branch) and merge them frequently back in with the mainline to avoid having wildly different out-of-sync versions of the code being developed for long periods of time. There may be many branches of a project being pursued at the same time. Branches may be abandoned if they fail to produce improvements over the mainline, or the changes in the branch can be merged back in with the code in the mainline if they accepted. This does not require a clone and can be done within a single repository. Within any Git repository, it is possible to make a new line of changes that do not affect the mainline or trunk version of the code. In some of the notes below, the main branch may be referred to as the 'master' branch, as this was the term used by git until a recent change. But the mainline itself is always the main or authoritative version of the code at any point. It is possible to create branches that are offshoots or variations of the code in the mainline. In git, the term 'main' refers to the mainline or trunk of the codebase. See more on GitHub's documentation on forking a repository. A developer who wants to suggest changes to an open source project on GitHub will create a fork of the original project repository, make their changes in their own clone of the project, and then send a 'pull request' to the lead developers of the project which is a way of asking them to review the work and give feedback or merge the changes into the original repository if they wish. So it's a standard Git clone that GitHub automatically copies one remote repository on GitHub to another remote repository on GitHub.įorking is a common practice for developers working on open-source projects. Forking a repository triggers a Git clone of that repository to be made the GitHub user's own account. The two repositories operate independently unless a developer pushes or pulls their changes from one to the other.Ī fork is a GitHub-specific action any GitHub user can take on any GitHub repository to which they have access. Usually this process is used once at the start of a developer's joining a project to create a local repository on their machine that is a duplicate of some other remote repository on a shared server somewhere, such as on a GitHub server. To create a new repository from scratch in the current working directory:Ĭloning is the process of duplicating an existing repository. Repositories can be created from scratch or via cloning an existing repository (see below). This can be a local repository on your own machine, or a remote repository on some other machine, like a colleague's machine or a server operated by a company like GitHub. When a user is done editing files, they typically add them to the index, then commit them to the repository.Ī repository is the place where files are stored by Git. These are not tracked by the git system until added to the staging index. Working copy - a copy of the files that a user is currently free to make changes to.Any modified files a user adds here from their working copy are available to be committed to the repository, if the user desires to do so. Staging index - a middle-ground staging area between the repository and a user's working copy of the files.Only contains changes that have been explicitly committed to the repository. Repository - the 'official' history of a project, including all content of all files in all versions.Unlike most version control systems before it, Git stores three different sets of information about files in a project: See more about version control in general, and how Git compares to other version control systems.This makes it easy to restore earlier versions if something goes wrong.Everyone in a team has their own copy of the repository, with no one repository being the 'authority'.Git stores snapshots of entire projects, not versions of single files.16.1.4 Configuring the default text editor.16.1.3 Configuring diff and merge tools.16.1.2 Configuring user interface options.16.1.1 Configuring username and password. ![]()
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